INTERPRETATION BY MR. JAMALUDDIN

“     The science of interpretation is called Hermeneutics after one of the activities of Hermes.

“     Hermes is a messenger of Gods of the Greeks and suggests multiplicity of meanings.

“     When Hermes receives the task to deliver messages of the Gods to the human, he had to be conversant in the language of the Gods and also of the language of the human beings for when the messages was destined. 

“     Before Hermes doing the task given, he had to understand and interpret for himself what the Gods wanted to say he could precede to translate, articulate and explicate their attention to the human beings.

“     Nowadays à in modern linguistics terminology, the task of Hermes equal the terms such as: linguistic competence, communication, discourse, understanding and interpretation.

è   In connecting with the function of the interpretation, it can be said that interpretation is the art of attaining the perfect or complete understanding of utterance, whether in forms of speeches or writings.

è   Interpretation only takes place if we are still lacking certain concepts necessary to the complete understanding of a book.

è   Interpretation has been called to give meaning to such dark and ambiguous passages, which is of course impossible.

“     There were primarily two criteria by which one could determine whether perfect understanding had been attained.

1.      Whenever we are to think in our mind all that words of the authors and we have grasped the intention and the authors are able to arouse in us according to the rules of the reasons of the mind itself.

2.      It doesn’t carry a psychological connotation or imply the idea of a relativization of meaning of a given utterance. (Rule of the reason: is considered unchangeable and guaranteed the stability or meaning).

“     Interpreter function: as a mediator between the writer of a story and his perspective, and that of the reader why may find the story or the text unbelievable or untrue at first.   

USING TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE METHOD OR GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

Method of learning is a science that talks about ways to express the material, so controlled by learners, in other words, science teachers teach and students learn. Teachers are always looking appropriate method to their teaching of English. There are many options which one to choose. I think that the two most common methodologies teachers choose for teaching English are the total physical response method (TPR) or grammar translation method (GTM). Both methodologies are recommending variety of characteristic teaching English. The purpose of this essay is to contrast the techniques, advantages and disadvantages.

I’m going to discuss total physical response method first. The three aspects I’m going to discuss are techniques, advantages and disadvantages.

Techniques of TPR method is very easy and light in terms of language use and also contains elements of the game so that movement can relieve stress on students because the problems faced in the study, especially when learning English, and can also create a positive mood in the student can facilitate learning so that it can increase student motivation and achievement in these lessons. Meaning or significance of the target language studied during the action.

The body movements’ techniques make this a fun method, the students enjoyed it and it could be a driving class atmosphere. Further advantage is easy to remember and can help students remember the phrases and words. This can be used in small and large classes. Then the method is running well in the classroom with heterogeneous student ability, physical movements met with verbal means so that all students are able to understand and use the target language. Additionally it does not require much preparation materials, for teachers who want to clear with what is practiced it will not take long to be ready. TPR very effectively used for students in the beginner classes.

Then the disadvantages of this method of learning a language is likely to arranged the command coordination. This method cannot give the student opportunity to express their own views and thoughts in a creative way.

I’m going to discuss total physical response method first. The three aspects I’m going to discuss are techniques, advantages and disadvantages.

Some techniques of this method are translation of a literary passage, reading comprehension questions, antonyms/synonyms, cognates, deductive application of rule, fill-in-the-blanks, memorization, use words in sentences, composition. The students translate English text into their own language, with more focus on the mastery of grammar and vocabulary mastery. Next, some of the vocabulary is given to students. Students' task is to find meaning and then find synonyms and antonyms of the word. The others, students are asked to complete an incomplete sentence by adding a single word. Then the students will be required to make a sentence from a given word.

A lot of disadvantages of this method are lack of interaction is made ​​between students, does not emphasize the ability to communicate orally in English language students, and teachers who use the GTM method often do not have any specific skill in the process of language teaching.

It doesn’t matter what method a teacher decides to choose. The important is the students are able to communicate in English. Teacher often choose one of these two options to teach English. Depending on what the teacher likes is what he or she will choose. I like the total physical response method, but sometimes it is better to take a risk and try a different method to teach.

WARDINA A. LAADI

A 121 10 024
WRITING 4

Kompetensi Professional Guru, Pengantar Pendidikan

Pemakaian Bahasa Indonesia dalam Masyarakatnya

MASYARAKAT MADANI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMAT

THE LOST OF THE TITANIC

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10^th, 1992. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46.000 ton Titanic was colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest for she had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water-tight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy less of life.

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.

Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and The Captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, The Captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five or her sixteen water-tight compartments had already been flooded. The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost. 

This is a text for Reading 2 in my Second Semester  

Writing 3

Writing 3.docx